Origins: A Practical Theologian
There are those who say that John Wesley was not a
“systematic Theologian.” It is true, that although he wrote volumes and volumes
on nearly every subject important to people at that time, he never published
a systematic, comprehensive doctrinal statement. He did not write a dissertation
laying out in an integrated systematic manner his theological thought. However,
there is a grand coherence to Wesley's thinking if one understands the evolving
core principles he followed.
Wesley believed that the message of the Bible, from beginning
to end, is the salvation of humankind through the love of God. That theme
is constant and consistent. He stated time after time in many different
ways that salvation is “the entire work of God, from the dawning of grace
in the soul until it is consummated in glory.” Further he believed that
salvation was “a present deliverance from sin, a restoration of the soul
to its primitive health, its original purity; a recovery of the divine nature;
the renewal of our souls after the image of God in righteousness and true
holiness, in justice, mercy and truth.”
Albert Outler writes that Wesley's understanding of the
salvation process has an “axial theme” (a central point around which his understanding
rotated): “the recovery of the defaced image of God” in humankind.
It is about as “systematic” as Wesley will be. A good example of this is
the way he developed his theological beliefs about the image of God. John
Wesley's understanding of the “image of God” is grounded in the Church of
England's ninth Article of Religion: Original Sin. And that doctrine has
its bases in Genesis and the early church teachers, most notably Augustine
(354-430).
Genesis 1.27 says, “So God created humankind in his image,
in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.” Through
rebellion against the created order, humankind lost this image of God and
was judged to be completely corrupt.
Augustine believed that humankind thus inherited a bent
to sinning — a state given over to ignorance and insatiable desire. The human
creature is helpless to overcome this condition by its own efforts.
John Wesley, an evangelist, a tireless preacher, a courageous
cleric. He probably should not be called a systematic theologian. He was not
prone to meditation and philosophy in order to draft abstract truths. His
way was to apply to real life those beliefs he felt in his heart and his
head. In every way he was a practical theologian.
Craven E. Williams
President
Greensboro College
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